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Cvakavé zvuky při chůzi u jelenovitých (Cervidae)
KAVANOVÁ, Veronika
The thesis deals with knee-clicking sound in cervids and summarizes current state of knowledge on its occurrence, origin and significance. The original research part of the study focuses on comparison of knee-clicking sounds of chosen individuals of Finnish forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus) and white-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris). Sound characteristics are then discussed with respect to social status and general living conditions of each individual.
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Optimization of delivery date in cervids
Schnebergerová, Adriana ; Dušek, Adam (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Female mammals adjust their birth date according to actual environmental conditions and their own condition to maximize their reproductive fitness. Optimizing of birth date allows the mothers to maximize not only their own fitness but also the fitness of their offspring. The aim of my bachelor`s thesis is to document the optimization of the delivery date in the deer family (Cervidae), i.e. timing of delivery whereby females can attain successful reproduction. This family is thanks to world-wide areal an ideal taxon for the study of optimization of the delivery date. 40 species and 200 subspecies renders this family one of the most diversified and the most numerous of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla). In general, factors that affect the timing of the delivery date are: ecological, behavioral, reproductive, physiological and genetic. These factors include, for example, seasonality, availability and quality of food, condition, social rank and age of the female, the presence of the male and the sex of the offspring. Depending on actual environmental conditions, female deer may either hasten or, on the contrary, delay the delivery date and thus maximize the chances of survival of their offspring. The synchronization of the birth date is another important strategy which allows females to reduce the...
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Clicking in cervids - basic parameters, origin and function?
POJEROVÁ, Lucie
It is well known that some ungulates produce clicking sound by limbs, but often without more details. This study deals with the clicking sound in five cervid taxons, specifically in Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), Pere David´s Deer (Elaphurus davidianus), Western Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Moose (Alces alces), Barbary stag (Cervus elaphus barbarus) in detail. Dominant frequency, 25% quartile, 50% quartile, 75% quartile were investigated for these species, with the particular attention to sex, age and limb position (forelimb, hind-limb) of studied individuals. Clicks sounds were recorded by solid state recorder Marantz PMD 620 with microphone and handset and analysed using program Avisoft-SAS Lab Pro Software, verze 5.0.01 (2010). Statistical analysis of obtained sound parameters were performed using program STATISTICA, version 12 (ANONYMUS 2012).Individuals within the species were compared using discriminant analysis and one-way ANOVA, species using discriminant analysis and nested ANOVA. Nested ANOVA was also used for testing of the sex and age influence on click parameters. Phylogenetic distribution of clicking was determined using the parsimony approach. Results suggest differences among within particular taxon, but differences among species depend on used methods (they are different using nested ANOVA, but they are not different except for Barbary stag in discriminant analysis). Click parameters were significantly associated with age, but not with sex of particular individuals. Ancestor of cervids seems to produce clicking, the evolution of this sound was associated later with its reduction in course of cervid evolution.
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Could fur characters be a source of phylogenetic information?
VOLDŘICHOVÁ, Marie
This work analysed phylogenetic utility of several characters associated with basic coloration, moulting and whorls in Cervidae via comparison of these traits with relatively robust phylogeny of this group based on several morphological, ethological and molecular data. I was able to detect probable evolutionary history of some selected traits, their ancestral state and synapomorphies of recognized clades.
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